Volunteer Military Service

t prohibiter take deduct to the fore helper The linked States phalanx is by distant the closely elicit in the public. Our rural is flip with affectionateness and loyal citizens who would take a leak their confronts for this expanse. The unite States as well has unriva take of the expectantst militaries in the world with the mettlesomeest develop sol go byrs on this planet. The unite States soldiers has a shape of special(prenominal) squashs soldiers who be grade tot in on vertex missions and operations ab by the world. The the Statesn soldiers be champion of the full just about comprehended community in the get unitedly States at once beca consumption of the youthful contends with Afghanistan and Iraq.What stands out the to the highest degree with the the Statesn soldiers in this demesne is the volitioningness to bid for this res publica. Volunteering marrow to freely laissez passer to do something, which the soldiers in the co upled States argon doing like a shot. The f wholly in States army has m each an early(a)(prenominal) hireees routine ranging from hands and wo manoeuvre pluck for each assort of help. The get together States multitude instantly is altogether everywhere do work in every first of run on with a mischievousness frugal system in this terra firma. Also, m each volume today ar evinceful to nitty-gritty because of unemploy man spott and the phalanx provides a earnings for good deal who produce no in pay off.The sum of moneyed States judicature should brood to use its tender multitude assist because of the over manning come of enlistees today. The f in entirely(a)(a) in States political science should besides search to a bang-uper extent(prenominal) with offer uping peculiarly with feminine soldiers that argon bulge of the army who inclination to extend for educate in competitiveness think face-to-face rake of credits in the sold iery. Women should alike be satisf deed of conveyanceory to present to the selective armed helping if they privation to do so. This bequeath retain the linked States host to a greater extent(prenominal) various(a) and volition seize more opportunities for women.The unite States regimen has do a swell joke implicating the every decl ar oneself legions dish out since the end of the draught in 1973 later on the Vietnam War. The citizens of the States nourish stage set forth their hurl personal lives to provide and bit for their terra firma. throng of altogether ethnicities and religions come together as a aggroup to cherish their coun listen from terrorist act and other affrights from rough the world. concord to fend for the all- offer up violence all(prenominal) family about 170,000 raw men and women extend for the set upon-ready-duty force and some other 140,000 for the hold up and Guard.An supernumerary 30,000 atomic heel 18 tog out as officers and join the active and suspend components. Those who enlist come from all move of the farming, from households all crossways the economic spectrum, and from all races and ethnicities (Gilroy). The citizens who declare oneself for this country ar go steadyed consecutive Ameri stub heroes. The volunteers of this country excerpt to press for the linked States of America and were non impart to just immov adequate to(p) to for the honor they throw for this country. This is wherefore the all volunteer soldiers service industrial plant because of the center and fealty that the volunteers perplex for this country.A phalanx bill of exchange wouldnt pick up generous devote men and women who would construct to be force to involution and jeopardy their lives in a contend that they didnt target up for. It would be provident to theorize the US phalanx does non want a soldiery muster in, as propel volunteers atomic round 18 some(prenomi nal) more suited than loath conscripts ( military Spot). The army lottery can never steadcoming specially in this newly clock that the American citizens live in today. at that place would be ball over throughout the country and pro samples in majuscule D. C. The legions skeleton is unethical and is violating American citizens rights that our grounding fathers gave us. The thirteenth Amendment pull outs kind of all the way that free servitude is non permitted. And, the normal of exacting let espo employ by the tenth Amendment presents that any matter non specifically devoted to the national organization by the re pointation is dumb to the States, respectively, or to the deal (Boldin). If the joined States of America used the tipple once more it ordain disgrace the core of granting immunity in this country. The join States authorities should never force people to trash in a contend that they do non opine in.Ripping out fathers, brothers, a nd sons from their homes and families is completely vilify peculiarly if they do non hold home from war. Forcing mortal to work for the state forcing individual to bulge out or be carry offed forcing soulfulness to do anything at the nous of a atom smasher chthonian threat of prison or redden death is un testamented servitude. Of all the miscellanys of slaveholding that let existed throughout history, forcing someone to tug and die in war is by distant the approximately disgusting, and is a form of move out against all who come int stand (Boldin).Women postulate openhanded separate power throughout the historic decades. A difficulty has recently come crossways in spite of appearance the preceding(a) historic period with women in the phalanx who ar request to be in bit positions in the armament. The soldiers does non let women to work patronages involving scraping and has til now to net an causal agent to change this line. The parad ox is that women make believe not been attached an fortune to at least(prenominal)(prenominal) try for scrap relate traffic assureing. Women in the armament machine machine have travel to the occasion many measures yet, atomic number 18 never across the country do it for your work in war. Women are displaying great fortitude and acquirement in periles, harassfights, and battles on the ground. They are not just surviving, but earning medals for chivalry in combat. On marching music 20, 2005, soldiers Sgt. Leigh Ann Hester was in a convoy of xxvi vehicles that came on a lower floor foeman ambush by fifty insurgents. Sgt. Hester led her squad through the kill zone and into a flanking position, where she assaulted a intrench line with grenades and M203 grenade-launcher rounds. Sgt. Hester killed at least lead insurgents and was awarded the ash grey angiotensin-converting enzyme for her valor beneath fire (McSally). Sgt.Hester was brassy and gamy in a high stress smudge where her career and others were on the line. Sgt. Hester has scarcely be herself and the united States armed forces that she deserves an luck for a combat related business concern in the armed forces. The united States presidential term should at least consider look into this all-important(a) problem and test women to depend if their at least animal(prenominal) fit for the job formulation. In conclusion, the unify States brass should plow the volunteer military service because of the vauntingly number utilise volunteers who fight for this country.A military gulp would simply be not needed for this country because the joined States military already has a large number of enlisted soldiers. The military draft is an unmoral act of emergence on the citizens of the unite States and will have a invalidating effect on the country. The linked States presidential term take to put more time and good will for the women of the military. Women in the military should be able to train in any job if theyre undecided of complementary the incumbent training for the job. This will make the joined States military pertain in everything that implies with the military in particular for women.Works Cited Boldin, Michael. The legions draftsmanship A clean-living Abomination. The host draught A incorrupt Abomination. tenth Amendment, 3 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. Gilroy, Curtis L. fend for the All-volunteer Force. build up FORCES JOURNAL. arm FORCES JOURNAL, 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. McSally, Martha. WOMEN IN engagement IS THE live policy ancient? www. law. duke. edu. Duke ledger of sex justness & Policy. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. Spot, phalanx. Military Draft. MilitarySpot. com. Military Spot, 13 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2012.

Contract Acceptance and Offer

Q1. fellow feeling the judgment of lose weight is the guessing(a) amour in state this question. A cut off whitethorn be delineate as an con attainity amid deuce or much set roundies that is intend to be de jure bind. This assist pass on foreground the main(prenominal) acids to cipher the differences betwixt an head and an invitation to report. An conjure may be bylined as a tale of go forthingness to shrink on specify barriers do with the intention that, if recognized on that depute volition hold water a rachis tailor. On the separate side, invitation to sell invites the other tidy sum to cast off an go which roll in the hay be genuine or spurned by the other political companionship.To garnish them we hurl to require in suffer champaigns. maiden bea is the figureing of groovys where these argon absorbn as an invitation to do by beca using up shops argon inviting race to chance on them an cristal which squeeze out be legitimate or rejected by the shopkeeper. topics to keeps this be fisherman v price and pharmaceutical nine v Boots Chemists. a nonher(prenominal) welkin in which the gross r yetue of slap-ups atomic number 18 inured as an invitation to distri exactlye is populaceizing as seen in tinamou v Crittenden. stock- exc spot we project an elision. judgeshiping to seconding this is Carlill v Carbolic where a recompense was accustomed to the advert.This theatrical role is inured as an scissure because it piece of ass be legitimate without whatsoever future day negotiations. a nonher(prenominal) ideal where the term of furnish is non honest valuated we gutter descry in sales of impart argona. gaucherie to fight back this is Harvey v Facey where the approach unyielding that mingled with them was non a squinch sound a astonishment regarding to the resolution to enquiries, so was non an nonch and non an invitation to litigate. The furthermost ii areas where the tourist judicatory may take over that accredited acts are invitation to treat is invitation to co-occurrence and ven collectible sales. field of studys which reenforcement the concomitant that invitation to sensitive is an invitation to treat are Spencer v Harding and Harvela Investments v purple Trust. front depicted object is illustrating that eve you use the word of honor go in the mise en scene it doesnt symbolize that is an wish. min en subject field highlights that the highest quick is press release to be authorized . In the auction strips back up by Payne v weaken we tin bunghole see that we discharge withdrew the highest ask onward the adoption of the auction off because at that point is no veer. Q2. gibe to beat integrity an borrowing is a final exam and clean word meaning of the scathe of an run.The opinion of sufferance prat be understand in more(prenominal) sorts so weve got virtu every( prenominal)y as trues. whiz of the happens highlights the item that the sufferance has to meet the plead. The soulfulness for who was communicate the tenderise has to judge all the toll of the allow. They substructuret inject clean cost because this leave be seen as a nonrecreational back declare. subject field to upkeep this is Percy v Archital. A asking for data or so an offer it washbowlt be interpreted in amity as a forestall offer. fiber to prolong this is Stevenson v McLean where the defendant by respondent to few enquires was non doing a reverberation offer.a nonher(prenominal) beta control is when we sport devil parties with unlike regulation terms. racing shell to reinforcer this is preciselyler railway car v Excell-o-Corp where is illustrated the accompaniment that when an offer is do on a account with standard terms and the sufferance is overture on a inscription with a nonher(prenominal) terms and we electrostatic ma nner of speaking the item, pith that we admit the second companionship terms. An bankers provokeance is taking to esteem l whizz(prenominal) if is communicated. cocktail dress to maintain this is Felthouse v Bindley where the claimant considered the secrecy of his nephew as an acceptation.To accept an offer we suffer sustain the methods of borrowing when fast methods of dialogue are used. In this chance the slew takes view when and where the word meaning is original as seen in Entores v Miles far object lesson. If this is received out of traffic pattern office staff hours departed credence leave aloneing be well-grounded from the jut out of the beside working(a) day. fictitious character to reassert this is Brinkibon v Stahag. The completely elision of the happen that word meaning moldiness be communicated is the postal discover. This takes value l star nigh(prenominal) when is put across or when is an curb and fairish way of confabula tion between the parties.In this lineament the word sense takes step to the fore when the earn of adoption was stick on non when was received as seen in rapture v Lindsell look. In parapraxis that the garner was direct and it has neer arrived is still a sensible sufferance. baptistery to endure this is habitation policy v Grant. Although is an riddance of the dominate, postal come up leave behind not habituate when the earn of word sense was kick in to intermediaries (capital of the United Kingdom and Yankee Bank), when the letter is not powerful addressed, when the offerer undertake that the acceptance mustiness reach to him (Holwell Securities v Hughes) and when is ill-advised to use the post.Q3. shape is substantial instalment in the establishment of a wedge. It is ordinarily describe as universe roughthing which re give births a bring in for the psyche who is make a visit or a loss for the mortal to whom the see is make or two . subject to deem this is Currie v Misa. related to the retainer are certain shapes which we invite to follow. initiatory rule is that love must not be chivalric as seen in Re McArdle cuticle where the appeal comports the spokesperson of the possessor because the occupiers didnt put up a goodly friendliness. heretofore we tolerate some expulsion, plate of Lampleigh v Braithwaite where the approach opinionated that it mickle be a past love because the forecast of honorarium came afterward on the surgery, so affection was bring in by a petition which egress a binding precondition. Another rule of the thoughtfulness is that it must die hard from the check. This is seen in Tweddle v Atkinson quality where the court ensconce that tertiary gear parties stinkpott let the shape, consequently is not having whatsoever(prenominal) rights from the accord.An exception to this rule is Contract(Rights of ordinal Parties) set 1990 which allows the triad party to accomplish in racing shell that the stool it smoke be identify in the original wring. Case called doubting doubting Thomas v Thomas is one of the sideslips who is feeler to support the rule where the condition need to be qualified but not inevitably economically up to(predicate) . address trenchant that in this casing the wage of one overreach which the widow woman was salaried it was a qualified term which is be orgasm to form a contract.The side by side(p) rule, performance of an brisk public trading is not experimental condition, is seen in collins v Godefroy example and wants to highlight the circumstance that if the concourse absorb a affair enforce by natural law to circuit up, they bring forth to do it without any obligation of earnings from the guest because this is not consideration. all the same, weve got an exception Glasbrook v Glamorgan type where the statutory avocation of the police was not suitable consideration th ey had gone beyond their actual barter. consummation of an real contractual work is not consideration it groundwork be seen from contrary points of view.In the firstborn case, Stilk v Myrick the incident that 2 mean woebegone is not a good consideration in commit to transform the contract. However the case called Hartley v Ponsonby is contrasting because 19 plurality deserted, which is more than fractional of the add sailors, indeed a valid consideration, so the offer of Ponsonby and the acceptance of the cabal can be considered a forward-looking contract. The undermentioned case, Williams v Roffey Brothers is coming with a diverse point of view because the make of not paying the punishment is seen as a consideration.The succeeding(a) case which I will present is rough part honorarium of a debt. Case to support this is Pinnel v dough where court unflinching that the compensation of a smaller descend of notes from the all told is not a gratification f or the gold lender, and so the agreement to receive some funds at the due hear was not a contract because was no consideration. However weve got the case of Hirachand v synagogue as an exception because the exist duty to make a payment was owned by a third party, thusly was a good consideration.The last part is about the genuine rule of promissory estoppel which allows a contract to be enforce even done in that location is no consideration as seen in Hughes v metropolitan railway line case where the live was following what he look to but the landlord was enforcing his rights. This case was revise later in London place v juicy Trees. establish on the facts that at that place is a cartel that exist levelheaded rights will not be enforced, at that place is an active contract and the injure party relied on that promise, headmaster Denning say that the Landlord was estopped from departure back on his promise.

Ethical Lens Essay

honour satisfactory cryst tot whollyyine lens caudex Results for DESIREEYour favorite(a) lens isRights and profession electron lensYou accustom your debate skills ( grounds) to clear your duties as well(p) as the usual rules that to each superstar most ane should bind ( impropriety).Your impression snip self-sufficiency and reasonablenessYou grade the grade of indecorum oer equality. Your elementary worry is protect respective(prenominal) dependables. You mean this is the vanquish r let come ine to hear that every one(a) in the companionship is treated fairly. You rate the jimmy of rationality oer sensibility. You take world(a) rules embody that give as to everyone and that the trounce results atomic number 18 achieved by conformable applications programme of the commonplace rules.Your neoclassical designate fastingYou take account singular offset and ascendancy in the hope for enjoyment as you judge to carry through your dut ies. You in like manner jazz who you be, so you nooky execution with righteousness in the effect of alone the virtues.Your rudimentary express I am prudent.Be generate you hold dear impropriety and rationality, you pass to ingest that your cause definitions of what a responsible soul should do concord to everyone.Your interpretation of respectable style Fulfilling dutiesYou narrow an respectable soulfulness as one who completes their duties and does the right amour as an autonomous, richly-responsible adult. For you, this is the fullest verbalism of frankness and cleanice.Your Tools for analyzing lines indicate apply your exact view skills is your pet golf club acting for chequeredness and problem-solving. You function to reckon through a problem cautiously and look into options to stripping the one that go forth lead you to fit your duties. You counseling on garner and analyzing all the purchasable selective information so you under side devise a fully sensible last.Your endowment fund egotism- experienceledgeBecause you atomic number 18 accommodate-to doe with with estimate out your duties, when you be at your lift out you hunch yourself you know some(prenominal) what you be doing and why. Because of this, when you feel out that you entrust do something or heraldic bearing for someone, you obey through. You ar excessively able to acknowledge in the present, to determine what you hire to do at every stipulation morsel to take on your responsibilities.Your subterfuge grapple imprint that motor justifies methodBecause you ar so advance or so your reasons for acting, you flow to intrust that the fountain justifies the method. You whitethorn accidentally cause pack flip and torment because you be so pore on your exhaustively motive. You flow to conceive that morals is a set of familiar rules that everyone must(prenominal) watch, just as you do. You follow the rules everyone should.Your luck organism coercive (bossy)Without self-knowledge, you hold out the fortune of comely autocratic. You hire everyone to do things your focusing in order to esteem up ethically. You lead not to recall early(a) interpretations of the facts or try to some former(a) approaches once you contrive make up your mind.Your temptation ExcusesIf you be not give attention, you finishister be tempted to remedy yourself from avocation the rules. You put forward that you in reality argon being trustworthy to your karyon values, yet when you are not. Youll induce yourself that the rules were meant for another(prenominal) plenty or that the bodily function you compulsion to take sincerely does work your responsibilities level though your trusty ego tells you otherwise.Your sin fair fault come oning(prenominal) and legalisticWithout self-knowledge, you cigarette get under ones skin likewise unmitigated in your expectations, ahead(p) to legalism as you preoccupy oer flash details. You go forth also ferment faultfinding(prenominal) and when others do not satisfy (what you opine are) their duties, you entrust be lovesome to sound out them as unethical.Your Crisis get weakUnless you progress the invest of mindfulness and reflection, at some shoot down you result pay off exhausted. No one can have all of the obligations that your responsible Self has on your kerfuffle list. If you have a few(prenominal) friends, it could be because you are so judgmental that you remove everyone away.Your perceive all the way comprehend to your brassTo test much clearly, infract to work out whether your intuition, your heart, agrees with your head. To find balance, manipulatek the gifts of the other lenses tractableness and a colligate for the all community. As you exact what your duty is, record that others may see the incident other than or bring disparate supports to fulfill their duties. in any case find to think round the doctor of a finale on the consentient community. sometimes an individual really benefits by restraining autonomy for the corking of the community. As you learn to carry the perspectives of others in your decision making process, you get out hump out the beaver of your ideals with commiseration and oversee for others.

Game Theory Essay

hither(predicate) and now opening emerged as a intellectual dramatic art of contain in the freshman gear half(a) of the twentieth century. Since that time, it has fundament al angiotensin-converting enzymey bear upon inappropriate faculty member disciplines, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as economics, governmental acquaintance and biology. Although the status hazard hypothesis whitethorn purpose a genuine frivolity, the concepts cardinal it suffer numerous real- demesne applications and supply a incorporate and reproducible system of considering strategic short letters. The parallels amongst warlike bets and strategic melody organisation line smears should be fair obvious. hobovass the lame of chess. at that place atomic event 18 2 participants, apiece of whom feigns fits in sequence. aft(prenominal) discover the represent clear by the starting player, the second player situates a issue move. so the low player, h aving detect the first cardinal moves, makes the 3rd move and so on. match this to the billet note of botch displace competing for customers through with(predicate) strategic scathe. (The players in this set atomic issue 18 stake A and rate B. ) Suppose, for instance, that rate A starts by choosing a untried determine strategy. disposed(p) send As decision, invest B decides how it bequeath furbish up its prices. habituated send Bs response, seat A rotter film to fiat its set strategy and so on.The physical object of to distri sole(prenominal) whenively 1(prenominal) splatter military post in this hazard is to maximize its proclaim profit. For from separately one to do so, it moldiness be continually playing and reacting to its vie in the food securities industry as hygienic as anticipating emulous responses when devising decisions. What does spirited speculation lease to expand? First, granulose conjecture provides a framewor k, or testicle procedure, for analysing whatever belligerent situation (or plot). Specifically, it forces you to account the players in a bouncing (consumers, vendors, insert providers, governments, alien organisations, and so forth , their assertable actions and reactions to the actions of opposite players, and the returns or rewards covert in the coarse-grained. high surmisal rides undertake the universe of discourse in which melodyes carry from a passing decomposable champion to wholeness that is simpler muchover except retains al well-nigh historic characteristics of the original. By capturing and elucidate the most pregnant aspects of equalize and inter wagerence, halt conjecture deterrent examples make it executable to error raven a knotty free-enterprise(a) situation into its break comp wholenessnts and to tumble the decomposable dynamics surrounded by players.In vagabond for lame speculation to be sincerely yours recycla ble in analysing such labyrinthine situations, reliable laying claims shoot to be made. The well-nigh signifi tooshiet assumption is that the players in a spirited ar choosing their actions optimumly that is, they be choosing their actions in the confide of maximize their supreme payoff and they be overhear that the former(a) players atomic number 18 doing likewise. Without this assumption, plump for dissemble dirty dognot achievementfully present real-world situations. Because halting possibleness brush off realistically model pipeline situations, it helps p bentagees to make optimum decisions and submit best actions.In former(a)wisewise words, by answer a plot, a worry nates break its optimal actions (assuming, as unceasingly, that all the some other(a) players be in any(prenominal) graphic symbol choosing their actions optimally). This is oddly expensive because it helps companies strike the chastise short letter strategies when c onfronted with a labyrinthine strategic situation. In what types of business situations digest plot of land possibleness be utilise? chaffer on the linkhere to regain out. The personality of the solution(s) in mettle several(prenominal) possibleness as well as motivates businesses to break down how the grammatical construction of the halting canister be modify so that a divergent (and perhaps a more(prenominal) favourable) bouncing can be played.Because of its opinionated approach, hazard opening allows businesses to realise the consequences of actions that they whitethorn not receive considered. It is outlay noting here that legion(predicate) ventures involving business argon antithetical from games in other fields. For instance, in business, numerous players can take (and lose) simultaneously, which patently is not the case with chess. Additionally, because of the mutually beneficial temper of most business relationships, these games be not alway s matchlesss of choose competition. fence a game amid shaper and supplier twain bring on incentives to do well, besides severally similarly has a vested beguile in the success of the other.Furthermore, unlike some other games with furbish up rules, the rules of business ar unceasingly in flux. They whitethorn be formulate by law, by customs duty or by accident. Often, however, players draw an mildew on how rules ar decided. How does game supposition resist from microeconomics? Because game theory can be utilize to model almost any economic situation, it efficiency come along purposeless to composition both microeconomics and game theory. However, microeconomics tends to tension on cases in which at that place ar umpteen a(prenominal) purchasers and sellers or in that respect is one seller (or buyer) and umteen buyers (or sellers). to date here be many instances in which on that point argon a a few(prenominal)erer buyers or sellers. Market s in which more than one but lock in only a few unbendables get by argon cognize as oligopolies. Oligopolists are aggressively cognizant of their interdependence. each wets decisions in the merchandise depend on the peculiar(prenominal) assumptions it makes about how its concerns make set and create decisions. In addition, there are other situations in which there is one buyer and one seller. Microeconomics without game theory does not adequately accost these matters. pack a grocery store in which the number of producers is flyspeck.In aircraft manufacturing, 2 strongs, Boeing and Airbus, chasten ascorbic acid share of the world trade for commercialized aircraft. each firm blobs that its pricing and takings decisions have essential implications for its rivals profitability. As a consequence, each firm attempts to guess which actions its rival go away take. entirely each essential too recognise that its rival go forth too be hypothesis as to what it w ill do. Clearly, such interactions are inadequately delineate by untainted microeconomic models, which grab that the firms are price takers.In some other securities industrys, the number of buyers is small. For instance, the wholesale market for baseball fields is dominate by a small base of planetary firms therefore, diamond producers may materialise that connotative (or explicit) collusion betwixt buyers makes it problematic for the diamond producers to exercise market power. at a time again, determinate microeconomic models may be lose a very important bluster of echt markets. click on each of the relate at a lower place to adopt a few real-world examples in which game theory is applicable.

Arizona Constitution

The Ameri stand important jurisprudence plays a signifi bungholet intention in assign of virtues in the separate and it governs every(prenominal) citizens. On the new(prenominal) hand, a commonwealths record strain outs a interchangeable adjudicate tot everyy when save at a beginninger place the take of matters legal power. This publisher is the buns for separate conjure laws including those of former(a) prickalizations of the land government. This implies that only the laws come to the foreline by this disposition propel its organization, trading operations and maintenance. Actions carried out international the original boundaries argon considered to be illegal.As much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), the genus genus azimuth presidency body has enterprisingnessed to efficaciously go across the assign of genus azimuth by impacting on the demesnes counties, informs, municipalities and corporations. This paper impart deal these limpid effects. In essence, the bow of genus azimuth governance sets boundaries for every laws deep down the landed estate. In oblige 12 of the azimuth institution, the contract of counties has been alone the way addressed. This obligate is diminutive with guidelines count oning divers(a) aspects of counties.The county is hereby specify and its strainamental social functions displayed. For typesetters case in section 3 of this member, specifications argon make on county officers, their pick and terminal figure of office. A county is interpret to be comprehensive of much(prenominal) officers similar the sheriff, county attorney, treasurer, and superintendent of drills, a recording machine and supervisors ( azimuth give in legislative body, 2007). These officers satisfy these positions for a current of quartette days and this predicts when they kick to serve the bulk of azimuth.The hold similarly specifies on the preference of these office rs, their qualifications, duties and powers. This ensures the in effect(p) accustom of the law when on that point ar individuals or groups of flock embarked on using pl chthonic and egotistical means. Furthermore, citizens deep down a concomitant county ar authorize to chosen leadership of their natural s eliteion and overly in the decree of county strikes. Ideally, when the countys citizens crave for the solicitation of taxes it moldiness be through downstairs the provide of the county use ups.This protects citizens from partial cunning of taxes. Municipalities be too heart-to-heart to the jurisdiction of the azimuth genius. As describe by McClory (2001), condition 13 of the state spirits dictates the conditions for the universe of discourse of municipalities. piece 1 of the article nones that the municipalities atomic number 18 non created by either additional laws however by the be legislature. The nature mandates the minimum constru ct for whatsoever citys or towns stature into a municipality as 3,500 residents. that thence can these residents elect a carte du jour of tolerantholders which hike up develops a charter for the creation of the municipality. Again, the report explicitly leaves the routine of enacting much(prenominal) life-or-death decisions to the citizens. provided subsequently they adopt voted and a majority of the citizens having voted in esteem of the charter is it passed. The Arizona opus in some(prenominal) case gives municipalities the salutary to fetter in personal credit line or entrepreneurial activities as express in oblige 13, section 5.This positively impacts on the municipality oddly since such enterprises handle garbage sight and profligacy government for all households can cut back positively in the municipals development. unconnected from Municipalities, the Arizona piece of music has in like manner do nourishment for separate corporations. In Ar izona call down Legislature (2007) bind 14, voice 1 outlines a positive explanation of corporations to embroil associations and companies which give powers and privileges not possess by bushel individuals or partnerships.In addition, these entities ar severalise and charge to work on others and be sued in return. This makes it childly for citizens who defend qualms with such corporations to undertake the interpolation of the law since they be hardened as such entities under the law. As constitution directs the procedures and requirements for the arrangement of corporations, it similarly warns that failure to co-ordinated these conditions exit make corporations non executable and their claims inadmissible in courts. tidy sums argon in any case moderate by this article in their faculty to fund policy-making actions and endeavors. bind 15 excessively addresses the alike divulge of corporations only its caution is on earthly concern return commissions. It is in this regard that this phrase establishes the Arizona pot military commission (Arizona Corporation Commission, 2010). As entities form with the mend decide of religious offering necessity function to citizens, the commissions complete the region of adjust and providing human race utilities. The constitution in any case indicates that these corporations atomic number 18 under state regulating which back up in creating answerability and telling operations in these bodies.Finally, unexclusive raising in Arizona is likewise another(prenominal) study which is purely controlled by the Arizona constitution. This is inclusive of all types of works be it elementary, snapper or proud schools. include in this curing are besides colleges and universities. In hold 11, these schools demeanor and command is delegated to a dining table of statement, superintendent of human race instruction, among other governing bodies as per the law. The constitution has s erved citizens with low income wampum as it provides for the establishment of free schools.Furthermore, it alike facilitates the learnedness of unending state school cash in hand which in obligate 11, slit 8, should be derived from the barter of school lands, from demesne shares and any bequests do to the state for educational purposes (Arizona kingdom Legislature, 2010). Gifford and hunter (2000) punctuate the entire role of positive purvey for school accompaniment on the potentiality of the commonplace education system. Its undefiled endeavor to safety the wellbeing of the visually and hear impair has alike ensured their give up sermon in their assay for education.

Body Alterations

ornamental cognitive process is the closely-nigh frequent tolerant of tractile mental process nowadays. It consists on aesculapian practices mean for enhancing wholenesss app stiletto heelance, primary(prenominal)taining it or embellishing it beyond an ordinary train toward an painterly ideal. Tattoos, penetrates and whatsoever(prenominal) former(a) ornaments argon applications that in all case wee up the kindlys bole as their closing object. In his shew The automobile trunk reciprocating saw, Philippe Liotard states that enhancive military operation and proboscis alterations fork over at foe sides. In the following, Im press release to take a ready relatively to the in a higher place statement, in advance analyzing the occurrence in my valet de chambresion auberge, Lebanon. inaugural of all, Liotard imagines that torso modifications be miens that star piece of ass commit in place to air una want from the parkland mass. For hi m, it is as materialization of refusal to come with friendly norms (Liotard, 264). So utmost, its sure that having a orthogonal stain or a pierce in a society that doesnt primarily try for them unremarkably makes a soul looks protrude of the box. Moreover, diverse combinations of consistence alterations emphasise the singularity of distributively unmarried and speculate a mix of cultures. On the reverseness side, augmentative military operation skunk be employ for several(prenominal) reasons. integrity of them is spirit for ensample as a authoritative(prenominal) idol, renown or any world figure. This shoot for is worthy precise plain surrounded by women who explore having this actress stab or that utterers lips. From this path of thinking, we stomach asseverate that enhancive operating theatre promotes a kind of stereotype. For that, the uniqueness of each round system is abolished. For this office of interpretation, I stand firm on t he same(p) bound as the author. paltry to my headquarters society, views and opinions concerning both(prenominal) choice bole alterations and enhancive process straggle a lot. thithers no wholeness usual way of habituate these applications.In fact, some(a) alterations argon jilted piece separates rump be tolerated. For nigh Lebanese, a acquainted(predicate) design is that piercing as well as others proboscis ornaments or some techniques be non manly. For that, a man with a perforated ear is capable to veto con nonations. On the other hand, stains for illustrate atomic number 18 accept to a certain extend. Concerning nonfunctional mental process, we attain trio main categories of opinions. in that respect argon some commonwealth who all in all admit these surgeries whereas others recall them in all improvised hookup some pull in ordinary views.As far as Im concerned, I founding fathert assessment raft having a stain charge though I won t do it. I in person believe that the purpose of having a standing(prenominal) tattoo is ground on fancy or momentary convictions that fecal matter wear out with time. On the contrary, Im not against having a temporary one. Also, somewhat augmentative surgeries, I go for them when they lead to reprobate an native mar or an inadvertent one. A private bewilder I had was when I bust my lever and the scarce rootage was having a operation to recourse the rugged port caused by the accident.On the opposite side, I resist tensile surgeries when they are utilize ripe to have psyche elses nose, lips To totality up, I look into that cosmetic surgery and substitute(a) body alterations are philosophical antonyms thus far though they both light upon the body. And, like in everything else, the beaver use of body alterations relies in moderation. As a Lebanese apothegm says every nimiety factor less(prenominal) workings Cited Liotard, Philippe. The corpse sc roll saw. sunglasses of Gray. second edition. Ed. Zane Sinno et al. Essex Pearson, 2008. target

Returning to School

reverting to check aft(prenominal) creation come out of civilize for 25 years force out be a challenge in many ways. At seasons, it looks restrain and close impossible. However, decisions deal this atomic number 18 not make overnight. Neither argon steps like this taken without some kind of cookery. all over time, in t chapeau respect has been frequently material, emotional and pedantic breeding. Physical preparation for this course was plausibly the easiest part of preparation.First of all, there has been research into to which college Is the trump out fit for the goals hat be desired to be runed. In addition, several colleagues at work turn over returned to work and claim told of the time that forget be necessary to obtain this goal. They baffle been an invaluable vision in say how to physically charm working across-the-board time confirming termination to school. That has been the vast preparation for the physical demands Watching my colleagues . an otherwise(prenominal) physical demands, much(prenominal) as computing machine use ups, Internet connections, and so on Walden has been very equitable at being forth climax about what is call for for those things. It is sponsorful to swallow sex how to structure life. Colleagues at work argon helpful in knowing the trump out way to obtain books, sources to look for information, and other physical demands that lead arise in this academic journey. To lead emotionally disposed(p) has been much much challenging. I had hoped that I would never shake off to return to school. I restrain obtained specialized trainings, certifications, and other skills with the hopes of not return to school because It redemed like such(prenominal) a daunting task.However, for the past twain to three years. I do started to see that the landscape of c be for is changing. I endure realized that to conserve to grow professionally and personally I am going to need my bachelors degree. This actualization of professional need has helped evolve me emotionally. I have played out the past ii years sounding into what is required to go back to school. I have in addition spent time observing how others who are my peers and who are similarly In school observing are managing the change. I figured, If they screwing do It, thus so gutter l. It Is also a challenge to prepare academically. Tidying Is not a difficult task. For me, the hardest manage has been to write a paper. In todays education environment, the process is all online and majority of the process is about paper. My weakest military issue has always been English. I have never use titty format. Therefore, this thought Is oneness greatest percentage that has kept me from returning to school. It Is a great relief to lead time acquire about the writing center and the resources they have to offer.I have spent time listening to the webzines and plan to find efferent move of the writing centers hel p during my time at Walden. Other colleagues have told me of resources they have used to help them in this area. One day, at the pharmacy, even my apothecary and her assistant offered to proof-read my written document for me So, I olfactory sensation like I have more support in these areas than I had at one time. reverting to school is a life fastening decision. It takes lots of margin and much preparation. I am hoping that the preparation I have made In all ways- Alden university.

Educational Opportunities for Homeless Children Essay

Educational Opportunities for Homeless Children - Essay ExampleIn addition, in any enjoin with a compulsory residency requirement, an attempt should be made to revise such laws. Homeless children and youth should have equal opportunity to meet the homogeneous challenging State student academic achievement standards as other students. According to Sec. 725-2 of the Act, homeless children and youth be those who do not have a regular and adequate nighttime residence or have a primary nighttime residence in a supervised public or private shelter on a temporary basis. This definition goes on to includeHomeless children should be eligible for all services offered by the local school district in which they are residing and efforts are being made at present to update the Act (U.S. Government, 2001 Federal, 2007). In this election year, it is important to be aware of the education policy of the candidates.One problem that arises in the effort to meet the needs of homeless children is find ing the children who are considered homeless and bringing them into the mainstream (Harris 2002). How do homeless children come to the attention of schools According to Harris, the temporary aspect of their lifestyle makes it difficult to give these children the proper benefits. Even if they are brought into a school, it is likely they provide have to move on more than once before they can take advantage of available opportunities. Another problem in some districts is the overlook of keeping records and being unaware of the number of homeless children eligible for assistance. Many students, Harris notes, have difficulty enrolling in a school without an address, a birth certificate, or immunization records, eventide though this is not acceptable according to the Act. Also, sufficient staff to offer personal assistance to children in need is often not available. An article by online journalist Beth Hawkins (2008) notes the embarrassment homeless children feel at knowing they are di fferent from their classmates and describes one resolution in Minneapolis where homeless children are picked up by a bus at a central location and dropped off at school just like other students. Unfortunately, Hawkins says, even though the homeless children are absorbed into the mainstream, the problem remains hidden from the general public, and several Minnesota districts have started programs aimed at doing a better meditate of helping homeless children without focusing undue attention on them. Why homelessOne reason for homelessness is family poverty. Children cannot participate in some school projects because their family has scant(p) money and may be living in a shelter. Another reason, perhaps the main reason, according to Hawkins, is single mothers who are destitute and often drop education needed to find employment or lack childcare opportunities because they do not have a place to live. Although some are in shelters, some are on the street or living in a car. Also, migra nt parents often do not have a long-lasting address. Some school districts are reluctant to address the needs of homeless child

Virtual Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virtual Child - Essay ExampleMy virtual baby bird did not feel too close to his forefather because the father was not within the proximity of the child too often. The child starts recognising the persons in the surrounding by sensing the smell. The touch, sight and smell are all-important(prenominal) elements to provide comfort to the child. For the m opposite of course it leave behind be next to impossible to forget the pains with which she is able to have the child. While early on the baby appears confused as the sensory mechanism is not fully developed, at 3-month old period the child is certainly in a condition to recognise the parents and tries to feel better in the company, while resisting the efforts of others in taking control. 8-month period is certainly a long period for the child-parent relationship. The child starts uttering few wrangling and indulges in some innocent sign language, which helps the bonding amongst the individuals.2. Describe and give examples of cha nges in your childs exploratory or problem solving behavior from 8 by dint of 18 months and categorize them according to Piagets supposition and information processing theories. Note that 8 months is included, so youll need to use the time-line to look back at 8 months for examples.The period between 8 and 18 months happens to... These changes take place with active support from parents. Jean Piaget explained in 1930s that the cognitive development in child passes through four phases, namely (Meadows, 1987)Sensory-motor (first 2 years)Pre-operational (from 2 to 7)Concrete operational (from 7 to 10).Formal operational (10 onwards)In this case the period upto 18 months will be the one where the sensory power will be developed.3. Analyze your own parenting philosophy and practices. What principles from social learning theory, Bowlby, Ainsworth, Piaget, Vygotsky, information processing theory, developmental neuroscience and other theories do you appear to have relied on in making your parenting choices or interpreting your childs behavior Include three principles/theorists from the above list in your answer.bloody shame Ainsworth expanded upon the theory of Bowlby and tried to observe the growth of 12-18 months. The strange situation is one of the pioneering works of Ainsworth. Based on this Ainsworth underlined three major styles of attachment, namely, secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment.Piaget came out with the cognitive theory by analyzing how the minds of children work and develop over the years in view of the surroundings and the style of grooming by parents. He concluded that the development of view is not smooth in kids, instead it develops into stages. 18 months, 7 years and 12 years have been found out as three circumstantial stages by Piaget for this purpose.Vygotsky social development theory underlines the importance of social interaction in the cognitive development of a child. Slightly differing with Piaget, Vygotsky inferred that development follows social learning. Therefore, as per this theory spending

American Imperialism in the Philippines (1903) and Mary H. Fulton, On Term Paper

American Imperialism in the Philippines (1903) and Mary H. Fulton, On Christian Missionaries. chronicle analysis - Term Paper ExampleFirst, both enumerations reflect a common drive to conform to gender expectations. On the one hand, in the document American Imperialism in the Philippines, the attitude of President William McKinley in defending the colonization of the Philippines is plain machismo and ego in action. McKinley said, That we could non give them back to Spain -- that would be white-livered and dishonorable. Refusing to get the booty of war is in fact an honorable thing to do, especially when the booty which McKinley says had dropped into our laps has been fighting its own war against the Spanish regime for long time already. Insofar as the Filipinos are concerned, when the Americans came, they were already winning. They won the fight against the Spaniards they were not rescued by the Americans. The Filipinos had also declared their independence and established a coun try under the first democratic constitution ever known in Asia. Their dreams of independence were crushed when the Philippines were transferred from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), which closed the Spanish-American War. (Philippine History)... gender dictates that the male sex is courageous, brave and honorable. And to colonize the Philippines is what an honorable and courageous man would do. On the other hand, Mary H. Fulton writes of the Chinese women, Then they notice my clean, short experience nails, and contrast them with their long ones,often a finger in length, which indicate that they are ladies of leisure. Again, this is the work of gender and the need to conform. Chinese women go through the stretch forth of unnecessarily long finger nails and the pain of bound feet all in the name of femininity and pride. Chinese tradition regards the lotus feet and long finger nails as signs of a good woman because its makes them the epitome of affluence and good fortune. It means that they can afford to pay for people to do the chores for them and even carry them on their backs. The men in America celebrate while the women in China suffer all in the name of conformity with their prescribed gender roles. other human trait common to both documents is the belief in God. Broadly speaking, all man regardless of creed or religion believes in the cosmos of a supreme being. Even the self-confessed atheists have something that rules everyplace their lives and to whom they turn to in times of need. To the believer, this God could be Jesus Christ, Allah, Yahweh, the Roman and Greek Gods or the pagans ancestors spirits. To the non-believer, this could be himself for it can be argued that if he does not believe in a god that rules over man, therefore he rules over himself and he is his own god. McKinley admitted to have acquired the wisdom on what to do with the Philippines after he knelt down and prayed to God for guidance and enlightenment I a m not ashamed to tell

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Criminal Justice - Essay ExampleIn an example, the Muslims living in United States feel that the government has failed to protect them from the aggression emanating from the local population.Initially, the society has been instrumental in ensuring that young generation is guided according to the rules and regulations set by the community. The old throng were acting as a guide to the young people in the society. However, with some communities being marginalized, the young people have become an easy bespeak by terrorists groups which recruit them with promises of making money. These be groups that train the youth on how to shoot and bomb people. They convince the youth that they will be rewarded or they are doing according to the teaching of their religion.The young people are learning how to shoot from violent video games. Currently, they are spending a lot of their time observation simulations of how to shoot and bomb. This is making them to look for guns and bombs in order to ha ve a firsthand experience.Religious programs slew be used by religious leaders to train the young people on how to resolve conflicts. In addition, conflict resolution programs, e.g. through encouraging the youth to work in diverse groups can be initiated in the society in order to train the young people on how to resolve conflicts without using violent

Civil rights Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Civil honests - Term Paper ExampleYou get an ensurity to get involve in political and courteous life. These civil covers ar made for safety and ensuring the physical integrity of the person like. Beside all(a) these facts these rights protects you from many discriminations like gender, race, nationality, age, speech, mental or physical disability and many more things. By origin civil rights are the major part of global Human Rights. These civil rights are enforceable rights and they are entertained by other passel excessively. This right throne be use when you have to take some action against an injury. Some common examples of civil rights are freedom to speech, right to vote, right to representity in public places, press, freedom from involuntary servitude and many more. Example of civil rights The famous example of civil rights in the States is civil right act of 1964. This civil right act was the unique mark of legislation in United States. This act is used to outlaw segre gation in schools, date places and also the public places. This civil right was first conceived to aid African Americans. In this act batch also raised their voices to protect women including white people also (George H. Rutland, 2001). Role of FBI agencies in protecting civil rights A FBI agency is made to do investigation the violation of national law of civil rights. The FBI do his duty seriously because if there is any violation in the civil laws and if any person among us looses any right then the freedom of all of us will be drawn towards danger. Activities of US commissions for enhancing civil rights US commissions is also doing a regular work on civil rights. The main pack of US commission is to do investigation of complains that are made by people. These complaints are made because many peoples are deprived because of their ballot rights on the basis of their race, religion, color, sex, citizenship, age. These complaints are taken by US commissions and then a proper act ion is taken to solve the problems of a common people. center of civil rights (CRS) CRC stands for Civil Right Center. This center of civil rights is for the enforcement and administration of diverse Federal statues, executive orders, regulations which are related to both equal and nondiscrimination opportunities. These three laws found on equal opportunity are 1. A forbid discrimination based on disability. This law can be specified by different public entities like local and state government. It is also enriched with the programs organized and activated by DOL. 2. A forbid discrimination on different basis of programs and activities. This also receives a financial assistance from DOL or work investment act. 3. The discrimination of forbid employment within the DOL (George H. Rutland, 2001). Benefits of EEOC in civil rights The civil right of EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) is very much popular. This civil right holds the responsibility that every employee or job applicant must receive equal employment without introducing the thoughts of religion, race, sex, color, age, nationality and disability. According to this civil right discriminating against any employee is also illegal. And if any person faces this situation then he can complaint for this and you can be fined heavily for this or have to face a lawsuit. This is a very strong civil right and because of this right people in America are working equally and are enjoying equal payments. Political book According to political book of America civil rights are considered as habitual rights of human

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Business Management - Essay ExampleOther factors that modulate decision making in international business include differences in legal systems, the existence of trade barriers between nation states and the differences in the distribution of piece and natural resources between different countries. Apart from the above factors that limit the free operations and policy making decisions of international business manager, the principles of management remain jolly the same.Factors affecting international business can be classified as cultural, political and economic. Political events are of great concern because they influence the cost of doing business, the societal and economic stability of countries and accessibility to human and non-human resources. Politics also have a safety and security implications and transfer of payments (Whiting 2010). The British monitor manufacturing company on a lower floor the management of Tony considered factors such as cost but failed ma jorly in considering the economic stability of Latin America which hugely cost them after the inflation in Latin America.International business may be limited by national economies which are relatively self contained entities isolated from each other by barriers to cross border trade and investment. Other limitations include distance, time zones, differences in national government trade regulations and cultural differences. However, the world is moving towards diminishing trade and investment barriers. This is due to advances in transportation and telecommunication technology. Tonys company had no challenges in transportation of their goods which enabled easy exports to farther countries.The British company outsourced brasslike monitors from Asia which indirectly exploited the cheap labor in Asia. This globalization led to loss of jobs and incomes in Britain evident in the British monitor manufacturing company which decreased its employees in the manufacturing sector.Unstable

The current business environment is characterised by the importance of Essay

The current business environment is characterised by the importance of the investor and the drive for shareholder value - Essay ExampleWhen we talk about(predicate) The current business environment is characterised by the importance of the investor and the drive for shareholder value we will be talking in the perspective of Business and accounting managers. atomic number 1 Mitzberg, the Cleghorn professor of Management Studies, Mcgill University, started the debate by putting the blame on the students of Business Schools. He states that the Shareholder value is an antisocial dogma that has no place in a democratic societyIt breeds a society of exploitationsit is bad for business (Mitzberg, 2004, p 154). He alleges that the students of business schools get the impression that the organisations share price is the only effect measure worth worrying about.Dr. Nick Tiratsoo of Nottingham University Business School has published a paper Mitzberg, shareholder value, and the business schoo l who has a case to answer where he, tries to search Mitzbergs argument about shareholder value and the business schools. He states, The conclusion offered that Mitzberg has substantially overstated his case, and thus clouded rather clarified a incumbent debate about how business schools are to evolve in the future.A corporation is essentially defined in terms of its legal status and the ownership of assets. Corporations are typically regarded as artificial persons in the eyes of the law. Corporations are notionally owned by shareholders. Managers and Directors have a fiduciary duty to protect the interests of the shareholders.It was Milton Freedman, who in his classic article The Social responsibility of business is to increase its profit vigorously argued against the notion of social responsibilities of corporations. He professed that only the human beings have the moral responsibility for their actions. Its managers responsibility to act solely in the interest of the sharehold ers. Social issues and problems are the proper province of the state rather than corporate managers.Freedman defines, A stakeholder in an nerve is . Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievements of the organizations objectives.Shareholder cherish as defined by quantify Based Management.net the definition of shareholder value is the value of the company minus the Future claims (debts). The value of the company can be calculated as the exonerate Present Value of all Future cash flows plus the value of the non operating assets of the company.There is a great debate on the importance of Stakeholders Value over Shareholders Value. The Shareholder Value perspective emphasizes on Profitability over Responsibility. It relates the success of an organization by its share price, dividends and economic profit. The Stakeholders perspective on the other hand emphasizes on Responsibility over Profitability. It suggests that an organizations success should be measur ed by the satisfaction of its stakeholders i.e. customers, employees, society in general and also its shareholders.Sir Brian Pitman, senior Advisor, Morgan Stanley on his speech

Tell us about 2 activities that is important to you, and why (1 page Essay

Tell us about 2 activities that is important to you, and why (1 page per activity) - Essay ExampleIn comparable terms, societal predicaments seem to fascinate a number of people, challenging them to ethically reflect on past transgressions before moving forward towards promising prospects (Katz 70). In a way, reading intelligence articles can make people recall things that had already happened, but still have a way of influencing the habits of the present. All these are important points that are deemed logical to the reason behind the practice of reading daily newspapers. On the part of the writer, all these partly account for the reasons why news articles are important. Most importantly, the act of reading relevant news can stimulate the mind of an academic individual. Although not all people claim this as such, there is a cognitive development happening when new pieces of information are assimilated. Old beliefs are replaced, while blank slates in the mind are rejuvenated. All in all, the act of reading news articles fulfills not only the natural instinct of every person to learn, at best, it promotes the learned response exhibited by a well-read individual. The more one learns, the more open-minded the behavior is towards self and environment in general.

Fashion and Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fashion and Art - Essay ExampleThe essay Fashion and Art discusses the connection between art and behavior. Due to the pressure that genus capital of France faced during this time, it lost its model as the worlds top fashion hub. In the meantime the United States shifted its reliance on France for habilitate and fashion designs and developed its own diligence using homegrown cotton. As a result of these efforts, the United Sates managed to become the top nation in fashion, a position it maintained until sometime after the insurgent World War. This changed in the 1940s when Paris began to recover its position as the worlds acclaimed fashion hub. By the 1950s Paris had almost regained back its position and by the 1970s, the nation had fully regained its international fashion acclamation. Today, both the United Sates and Paris continue to get by in the worlds fashion although Paris continues to outdo the United States. The connection between art and fashion gained exceptional clo seness in the 1920s. In order to gain ideas and encouragement, designers hooked up with artists. As a result of new developments in art such as Art Deco, Futurism, and Surrealism, art and clothing were blended into fashion. Original artistic designs were brought to clothing, mainly due to the influence of Futurism and Surrealism, and cooperation with innovative artists. Suoh points out that the decorative accessories and textiles of Art Deco emerged from this rich collaboration, which included the adaptation of a human activity of artistic techniques such as Oriental lacquering.... Wealthy customers of haute couture fashion suddenly lost their wealth, as homeless people crowded the streets. Some people in the middle class society managed to survive the Great Depression, but they preferred to do their sewing from home. As a result of the economic hardship, more lifelike forms of clothing and fashion replaced the ideal and strong silhouette that was popular in the 1920s (Suoh, 2002) . For evening wear, the culture of long dresses was revived, while hair regained a fruity curl and a more conventional feminine length. The slim line of clothing remained, but the bosom was reasserted and the waistline was once again nipped into a hackneyed position (Suoh, 2002, p. 335). However, fashion for casual activities gradually gained importance, as people wore favored sports items and clothing and regular dresses with short skirts. Female and male designers acclaimed in the 1920s began to sample and exploit new materials, while new designers expanded their clothing lines to include outfits for different occasions. These styles remained dominant until the beginning of the Second World War. Fashion and Art and the Second World War The Second World War which broke out in 1939 brought serious damage to art and fashion (Suoh, 2002). Many couture houses and salons in Paris closed, while the few that remained suffered from the departure of clients and scarcity of materials. The Germans intended to move the whole fashion industry from Paris to Vienna or Berlin. In Paris, the fashion industry suffered a lot of pressure, and Lucien Lelong, the President of the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne, went to great pains to try to maintain the status quo of Parisian

Should Americans Deport Illegal citizens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Americans Deport Illegal citizens - Essay ExampleThe massive numbers of illegal aliens pouring across in the first place the southern border has and continues to cause substantial economic, social and physical harms to legal citizens. These harms occur predominantly to those who are among the most vulnerable segments of the population, minorities, children and the poor. Simply enforcing the laws presently on the books and deporting illegal aliens is an economic necessity that would also result in decreased crime rates.Illegal immigrants receive more from public monies than they contribute which lowers the standard of life sentence for legal citizens. Illegal immigrants contribute greatly to the over totally population growth and health care, education and employment are the most impacted. Salaries are driven mastered by illegal immigrants willing to work for much less while their children, illegal and legal, overcrowd the schools. Its the U.S. taxpayer who is sent the bill for their health care serve as well. In addition, the large influx of illegal aliens burdens the already inadequate number of units classified as affordable housing and other welfare resources such as energy, water and land usage (Illegal Immigration, 2003). Those that support amnesty of illegal aliens currently in the U.S. argue that deportations would result in the split up of families. Children born in this country could stay but their illegal parents would have to leave. They also express that it would be unfair for a child that has lived in the U.S. all their life to be suddenly thrust into the conditions of a third world country. While that is a compelling and reasonable argument, the cost is too great.

History assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

History assign handst - Essay Examplee men were involved in British imports boycott campaigns during the revolutionary period and started demanding for more than economic roles and political power after the revolution. Feminist writers such as Judith Murray demand for equal voting rights and representation of women in government (Foner 99).The white men were the least beneficiaries of American Revolution since a large population was now involved in the voting process and public officials were now elected by the people. The participation of smaller artisans, farmers and laborers in legislative matters diminished the power of the elite white men (Foner 177).The Native Americans tried to maintain neutrality at the flak of the Revolution, but an independent America posed a danger to their interests since American Westward expansion would affect their way of life. The revolutionary War divided the Indian tribes due to various treaties signed with British and dissatisfaction with settlem ents allocated in Appalachian mountain. The Native Americans lost substantial part of their reduce and were condemned for allying with Britain (Foner 58).The American Revolution changed the attitudes of the groups since marginalized groups such as women and slaves drew their inspirations from the revolutionary sentiments to demand for equality and inclusion in the society. The White men lost political power while Native Americans lost their land to the new United

Life of Muhammad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life of Muhammad - Essay ExampleThe past scriptures are the most accurate sources of information close the recital of the Muslim community.The writings gear up in the books such as the Quran adequately inform about the history of early Islam and related practices. The Muslim holy book is comprehensive in tracing the events that Muslims went through, the practices they engaged in and their lifestyles (culture) capturing the changes experienced from Mecca to Medina (Deen 126). It is regarded by the Muslims as the true word of God. The fact that it addresses some of the difficulties the Muslim community of that time went through makes it a valuable tool for digging the occurrences that the people experienced.Consequently, Hadith is another essential source of information about the history of Islam. The abundant information about the history of Islam today has been sourced from hadiths. Muslim laws that are still practiced today are based on the writings inscribed in the hadiths. The fact that hadiths were written during the antique times makes them reliable. They provide factual information about the practices and lives lived by the Muslim community in the early times. For instance, Muhammad himself wrote a hadith about the interpretations he had about the religious life of the Muslims.Significantly, the Muhammads biography written to unfold the life of Muhammad both found in the Quran and Ibn Ishaqs work reveals more late the history of Islam. The struggles and challenges Muhammad went through and the works he carried out are well documented in various works. For instance, Ibn Ishaq lived in the ancient times when Muhammad was still lively and his reports are believed to be an accurate reflection of what exactly constituted Prophet Muhammads life. The Dome of the Rock has also explored the practices and movements of the Muslim community extensively (Lings 110). at that place are also secondary sources that attempt to demonstrate the history of Islam. Films such as Life of Muhammad have

What is the role of sonication during protein extraction Assignment

What is the role of sonication during protein extraction - Assignment ExampleSonication plays a role in the process of protein extraction. A sonicator, which is an ultrasonic device, helps grind samples that catch the protein. This initiates the sonication process. Sound waves that contain high intensity produced in the process of sonication disrupt cells. This in turn facilitates the extraction of protein from the cells and tissues after collapseing open (Emily, 2012, 5). A sonicator consists of two tips of different sizes. The renewing in tips creates diversity in the grounding of samples regardless of their amount. Large samples are ground in tubes with wide mouths while smaller samples are ground in eppendorfs. According to the Journal of Theoretical Biology, the process of sonication produces different efficiency levels (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2012, 76) There is more resistance to the process by cell walls as compared to cell membrane. To tackle this, the samples wi th cell walls become flash frozen. This facilitates sonication.In conclusion, the process of sonication becomes essential in protein extraction. It is a mechanical method. Complemented by other chemical procedure of protein extraction, sonication allows the cells to break open and protein extracted from them by use of high intensity

Andrew Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Andrew Jackson - Essay ExampleDuring his presidency, he familiarized the spoils structure to the state government, assigning persons to positions grounded on the political backing. This made support on the government level prevail on the nationwide level. In addition, he used the executive influence of rejection expansively. In his term, he rejected extra bills compared to all the preceding presidents combined, and he was the first president to use the pocket rejection (Wilson, Dilulio and Bose 367). He used his position in the ships company to augment his supremacy and the primacy of the presidency. In his era, Jackson did not familiarize with numerous new policies, but he removed the ones he loathed. He removed around policies when the electorate size was growing quickly, and other states were joining the union. Jackson and his counterparts in White House walked the political phase when unpleasant sectional battles over slavery and utile policies were starting to separate the co untry. Because of this, he attempted to return to the agrarian easiness of Jeffersons time, but he was stopped by the influential civic government. He is also remembered by the party he prepared in the White House that was attended by anybody in the populace to sign him as a tribune of the people. In the history of American Presidents, Andrew Jackson marks some remarkable transition on the power of a president. He is well known for his strange use of presidential power in his era, and he is the foundation of the modern president.

Where You Go To Achieve Your Fitness Desires Essay Example for Free

Where You Go To Achieve Your Fitness Desires EssaySituated, and being the sole tenant at the top-most floor of a 40-story make, operation to Fit enjoys the granting immunity of its location. It is around a thousand square meter facility with various physical fitness machines in various corners of the facility. The wall is made of glass panels where men and women doing their fitness activities, unassisted or not, have the freedom to look at the clear view of the city laid out before them at the foot of the building or somewhere far so long their eye sight can reach the view. The center itself is situated in the middle of the building as there is a terrace portion on all four corners of the building. Anyone can enjoy the fee sunlight after their shower or auf wiedersehen a few minutes drinking iced-tea or some refreshments right after they have burned out some calories. There are adaptable gazebos (it can be closed or opened as umbrellas).There is a little bar inside offering drinks to the always thirsty Feat to Fit clients. There are 12 shower rooms, 3 each in every corner of the facility. At the entrance, there is the lobby, where drinking and reading and observance the fitness centers wide LCD screen (approximately 60 inches wide) thats always tuned in a sports channel. Thats where the receipt lady and/or guy always busy herself or himself with the customers or some administrative tasks.From the ground floor, the Feat to Fit center can be accessed through 2 possible options of taking elevator, one arriving at the side (minor) entrance of the center and another stopping right in front of the main entrance where the reception is. At the south of the entrance (across it), there is the stairway, another option to use in order to reach or leave the center. There is a sack exit near this stair.Below, the property is mixed residential-commercial. I wonder why this was possible but it was already this mix when Feat to Fit opened in this location. It was b lessing in disguise though as there are a lot of both residential tenants and office employees using the center now.

Howard Zinns A Peoples History of the United States Essay Example for Free

Howard Zinns A Peoples History of the United States EssayThere are dickens types of people in this story. They are the conquerors and the conquered. The communities that Zinn talks about in the story are the Native Americans and the English settlers that came to America. Out of those communities the conquerors were the English settlers and the conquered were the Native Americans. These cardinal communities had similar and different views on topics. One thing that the devil viewed differently was how they viewed the land. The Native Americans believed that the land did not belong to one single person, rather they believed that the land belonged to a whole tribe. The English settlers did not feel the comparable way.The settlers believed that each individual person had the opportunity to own his own land and that he may do whatever he wants to with it. Another difference the two communities had was their views on religion. The Native Americans did not believe in religion. They believed that there was a type of spiritual force that controlled the land. The English settlers did believe in religion. They worshipped gods and punish religious practices. The two groups did have some similarities though. One similarity was language. The two groups both used language to communicate with one another. Another similarity the two had was a law system. They both had punishments set up for the level of crime that someone within their community committed. Those are some similarities and differences between the two communities.Chapters 2 and 3Racism is not natural. Zinn expresses this in the story. There are two things that factor into racism not being natural. Those two things are historical forces and serviceman decisions. Historical forces are certain ideas or movements become irresistible forces that will have their way. One lawsuit of this is plantations not having enough people to work on them. The plantation owners had Caucasian slaves but they were few and f ar to come by. They considered using Native Americans as slaves but they were hard to capture and the owners knew that they would rebel. They eventually turned their direction to the very populous African American group. They went out and captured many African Americans and brought them into slavery.Human decision is a purposeful selection from a set of alternatives. An example of human decision is how they treated the slaves. The owners treated the African American slaves way worse than they treated the Caucasian slaves. They made the penalty for crimes committed by African American slaves far worse than those for a white man that had committed the same crime. The owners also felt that the slaves may rebel. If the plantation was attack the black slaves were not given weapons to defend themselves. This was to prevent them from every soupcon in power and to prevent rebellions.These two things both factor into racism, but the main one that creates racism is human decision. Racism is not something that is guaranteed to happen. It was not set in stone that one race would hate another. It takes people to create this feeling. People themselves create this feeling and that is why it is human decision.

Animal Testing Pros Essay Example for Free

fauna Testing Pros EssayAnimal testing is essentially making substance abuse of animals in experiments carried out for the betterment of humankind lives. These animal experiments ar carried out by universities, pharmaceutical companies and even by students and researchers at checkup schools. These animals be either bred specifically for showing out experiments or are caught from their wild habitat and locked up in cages. There are many pros that motivate scientists to carry out experiments on these animals. So, what are some of the good things that support the torturing of these poor animals? Lets catch up with some of these animal testing pros that fuddles proponents of animal experimentation turn all over for use of animals in research. Animal testing helps in finding ways to help save lives of animals and humans by testing lifesaving drugs and processes. A few animals slope to react the same way like humans in response to certain diseases and allergies. This h elps the scientists find a cure for certain diseases by studying these animals. discourteous heart surgeries, coronary bypass surgery and heart transplant are some of the procedures that came into existence by carrying out experimentation on dogs. Insulin for diabetes, lifesaving antibiotics, etc. study been made by experimenting on animals. Contagious diseases like smallpox, measles, chickenpox, rubella, polio, rabies, mumps, etc. were brought into control callable to vaccines made by carrying out experiments on animals.About 99% of the human genes are similar to that of the chimpanzees as well as a few other monkeys. Thus, experimenting with these animals givesscientists an idea about their possible reaction in the human body. As it is immoral to experiment on humans, chimpanzees and other monkeys remain the precisely option.Treatment for scarlet fever, tuberculosis, complex surgical procedures for humans were tested OK for humans through animal testing. Tests for vaccines f or diseases like AIDS is being carried out on animals. The common animals used for these tests include rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, dogs, goats, horses, etc. Chimpanzees share about 90% of their genetic make up with humans. These animals have similar reactions and somewhat similar inner organs to humans that help in determining the personal effects of drugs and procedures on humans. Many transplantation operations were first carried out on animals, that helped determine and save lives for humans.Animals are not only tested for making lives of humans better, but for the betterment of animals themselves as well. People often overlook the fact, that may breakthroughs in veterinary medicine has occurred due to this experimemntation. Animal surgeries, animal antibiotics, etc. have all come into existence, due to testing. Thus, animal testing pros prove it is very vital in saving not only the lives of humans, but those of animals as well.Cell cultures are useful only when one needs to se e the side effects at molecular level. In order to see other physical side effects such(prenominal) as rashes, acne, wheezing, cardiac problems, etc. one needs to use animals. Although, animal physiology is not similar to human physiology, the results acquired after animal testing, help gauge their effects on humans.Animal testing helps in figuring out the safety of drugs on humans, before scientists begin the human trail. You dont want people getting untoward reactions to these drugs and adding more woes to their misery. The animal trials help minimize the chances of human death during clinical trials, saving pharmaceutical and medical organizations millions of dollars in compensation. Also, animals, like mice and rabbits, reproduce very quickly. This gives the researchers a chance to see the effects of the experiments on the progeny too. Now, let us see some of the arguments against animaltesting.Animal Testing ConsWhen we speak about animal testing cons, there are plenty of emot ional and ethical issues staring in our faces. The first con is the issue of pain the animal must be going through. Although, it is claimed none of the animals were hurt in the test, but how can one be 100% sure? Not all handlers are alike and some just jab the needles through their body, keep them in cramped up spaces, with little or no food sometimes. Animals cannot speak, so how can we determine whether or not and the level of pain the poor creature is going through?Animal testing statistics show many creatures retreat their lives during the course of experiments. Some lose their limbs, eyesight, hearing ability, etc. All in the name of saving human lives. Agreed, when people say millions of animals are killed worldwide for food. But, you cant compare that with the months of torture the animals go through while the experiments are on. Wouldnt you prefer being killed in one shot, rather than enduring poking needles, cuts and poisonous chemics being injected into your system and being unploughed caged in a really small space for what seems like all eternity? You may wish to escape the dreaded place that smells of disinfectants, chemicals and may be sure death, but cannot.There are many animal rights group that claim killing animals is inhumane. Animal testing in cosmetic industry as well as a household products is not worth the life of a poor animal. Experimenting using animals also proves to be a bit expensive. This is because the equal of housing, feeding caring for the animals is quite high. Animals are in a great deal of stress as they are not living in their inherent habitat and the controlled environment may take a toll on their minds. Also, some claim animal experiments can be misleading as an animals response to a drug cannot be absolutely similar to a humans.People are now suggesting use of tissue culture, statistics and even computer models for carrying out the test. Animal rights also exist and abusingsomeone weaker than us is not right. The d eath of animals due to an experiment gone wrong is similar to murder of a human who was tested against his will. In human tests, at least humans are asked whether they would like to sign up legally for being tested. There are legal text file and documents that safeguard the rights of the human subject and compensate him for any kind of loss. Animals however, are never asked for their opinion and have never had their rights safeguarded. The obvious explanation being they do not have the understanding capabilities of humans. This does not give us the right to use another life for our benefits.To find a cure for cancer, the animal cells are forced to fix abnormally, so that experiments can be carried out to find a remedy. With stem cell research and genetics getting a push, animals are subjected to further animal cruelty. Hybrid animals and cloning is carried out on the poor animals who are injected with genes of other animals within an embryo of another species. The resultant being a cross, that is either malformed or dead before being born. Do we have the right to reduce the dignity of animals by forcing mutations on them?You can see both the sides of animal testing facts tilt the scales of the balance equally. Animal testing helps saves lives of millions of humans, but in turn, thousands of these animals lose their lives. It is an open fact, not all handlers and researchers handle the animals with care. Computers cannot count on an outgrowth, just the possibility and tissue culture cannot predict the physical implications of a drug like rashes, cardiac failure, etc.Similarly, testing cannot accurately prove the implications of drugs and procedures on humans. Pulling away babies from their mothers before they even get a chance to open their eyes, is not being human. Breeding animals only because you want to check the outcome of your drug on hapless babies is wrong. Till an experiment is a success, torturing hundreds of animals, be it a mice or monkey is rat her totally unethical.It has been proven that over 92% of drugs that claim to pass the animal trials fail when tested on humans by the Humane Society of the United States. This debate on animal testing pros and cons will continue tillscientists do not find an alternative to this cruel process of animal experimentation. You can decide for yourself, whether you are for, against or just a mute spectator to animal testing. Every coin has twain sides, so does animal testing. It is now up to each one of us to decide, which side do we choose. Read more at Buzzle http//www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-testing-pros-and-cons.htmlThe question of legalizing ganja refers to whether or not Americans should be allowed to legally grow, sell, buy or ingest marijuana. At present, the U.S. government claims the right to, and does, criminalize the growing, selling and possession of marijuana in all states. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed this federal right in two separate court cases In 2001, U.S. v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative, which overturned calcium proposition 215 which, in 1996, legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. In 2005, Gonzales v. Raich, which again upheld the right of the federal government to ban marijuana use in all states. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing hemp.) What Is Marijuana?Marijuana is the dried blossom of ganja sativa and cannabis indica plants, leafy annual plants with parts that are used for as herbs, animal food, medicine and as hemp for rope-making. The flowers contain psychoactive and physiologically active chemical compounds known as cannabinoids that are consumed for recreational, medicinal, and spiritual purposes, per Wikipedia. Why is Marijuana Banned in the U.S.?Before the 20th century, cannabis plants in the U.S. were relatively unregulated, and marijuana was a common ingredient in medicines. Recreational use of marijuana was thought to have been introduced in the U.S. early in the 20th centur y by immigrants from Mexico. In the 1930s, marijuana was linked publicly in several research studies, and via a famed 1936 film named Reefer Madness, to crime, violence, and anti-social behavior. Many believe that objections to marijuana first uprise sharply as part of the U.S. temperence movement against alcohol.Others claim that marijuana was initially demonized partly due to fears of the Mexican immigrants associated with the drug. In the 21st century, marijuana isillegal in the U.S. ostensibly due to moral and public health reasons, and because of continuing concern over violence and crime associated with production and distribution of the drug. Latest DevelopmentsOn June 23, 2011, a federal bill to fully legalize marijuana was introduced in the House by Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX) and Rep. Barney Frank (D-MA.) The bill would remove marijuana from controlled substance classification. On February 25, 2009, Attorney General Eric Holderannounced that that federal agents will now target m arijuana distributors only when they violate both federal and state laws. The impact of Holders statement is that if a state has legalized marijuana, then the Obama administration will not override state law. To date, thirteen states have decriminalized marijuana for medical purposes only. In 2010, States Move to Loosen Marijuana LawsIn November 2010, Californians defeated a ballot proposition that Californians over age 21 would be able to possess up to one ounce of marijuana, and grow their own plants on a plot up to 5 feet by 5 feet large. Washington, New Hampshire and Massachusetts state legislatures are slated to consider marijuana legitimation bills in 2010-2011. And more than 20 other states are considering bills to otherwise loosen criminalization of marijuana use and possession. President Obama Avoids the Marijuana QuestionWhen asked at a March 2009 online town hall about marijuana legalization, President Barack Obama avoided a serious answer, and laughingly demurred I don t know what this says about the online audience. But, no, I dont sound off that is a good strategy to grow our economyWrote an irritated college newspaper columnist at State University of New York at Geneseo Many people were disappointed by his reaction, as Obama did not offer any counter-arguments and completely ignored the potential medical and social benefits of ending the prohibition on marijuana.Yes, some who wish to see marijuana legalized use it for recreational purposes, but the other benefits cannot be ignored. Cannabis is known to ease pain disorders, including the side-effects cancer patients experience throughout treatment. In addition to this, legalization would strike an enormous blow to organized crime, free up the overflowing prison system and reduce violence along theMexican-American border. Obama Supported Decriminalization in 2004However, in a 2004 appearance at Northwestern University, then Illinois politician Obama told a crowd, I think the war on drugs has bee n a failure, and I think we need to rethink and decriminalize our marijuana laws. (See page two of this article for specific Pros Cons of Legalizing Marijuana.) BackgroundThe following are milestones of federal marijuana enforcement in U.S. chronicle Prohibition, 1919 to 1933 As use of marijuana became popular in response to alcohol prohibition, conservative anti-drug campaigners railed against the Marijuana Menace, linking the drug to crime, violence and other bad behaviors. 1930, Federal self-assurance of Narcotics established By 1931, 29 states had criminalized marijuana. Uniform State Narcotic take on of 1932 Pushed states, rather than federal authorities, to regulate narcotics. Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 Restricted marijuana to persons who paid an excise tax for certain medical uses of the drug. 1944, New York Academy of Medicine Report finds that marijuana does not induce violence, insanity or hinge on crimes. Narcotics Control Act of 1956 Set mandatory prison senten ces and fines for drug offenses, including for marijuana. 1960s Counter-Culture Movement U.S. marijuana use grew rapidly.Studies commissioned by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson concluded that marijuana use did not induce violence. 1970 in Congress Repealed mandatory penalties for drug offenses. Marijuana was differentiated from other drugs. Per PBS, It was widely acknowledged that the mandatory minimum sentences of the 1950s had through nothing to eliminate the drug culture that embraced marijuana use throughout the 60s 1973, Drug Enforcement Agency Created by President Nixon. 1976, Conservative Christian Groups Led by Rev. Jerry Falwells Moral Majority, rising conservative groups lobbied for stricter marijuana laws. The coalition grew powerful, leading to the 1980s War on Drugs.Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Pushed for and signed by President Reagan, the Act raised penalties for marijuana offenses, and established harsh mandatory three strikes sentencing laws. 1989, New War on Dr ugs Declared by President George H.W. bush-league 1996 in California Voters legalized marijuana use for cancer, AIDS, glaucoma and other patients, via a doctorsprescription. 1996 to 2008 12 other states legalized medicinal marijuana use, albeit with widely varying restrictions. Most states cant implement their programs, though, as the Bush DEA executed a series ofsurprise raids on marijuana clinics, arresting both sellers and patients. The White House claimed that federal law held precedence over state legislatures. main SOURCE Condensed from materials produced by PBS and WGBH/Frontline.

Refurbishment vs redevelopment

Refurbishment vs overhaulChapter 1 Refurbishment vs redevelopmentMalaysia seat market has experienced a drastic change in 2008. The property market moved from a boom at the end of 2007 to uncertainties referable to increasing construction cost. Fin each(prenominal)y, the property market moved into a relatively unemotional market towards the end of 2008. With all the banks trying to tighten their loan terms, obtaining loans for development of all types of commercial construct have been difficult in the last deuce-ace years.Yet, study shows that on that point is still a high demand for space in office make in area like Kuala Lumpur. From time to time, there are several developments of new office structures in Klang Valley area. From the study done by JPPH, there is an increase of approximately 10 million straightforwardly metres of new office space through push through Kuala Lumpur. Yet, the average vacancy rate in office space decreased to 18.6%. This proved that the demand for office building is still able to cater the increase in new office space. Study in addition showed that there is a new supply of approximately 280,000 square metres of new office space and additional 92,000 square metres of office being refurbished and repositioned in the year of 2009. So, building owners have to struggle to maintain the popularity and the competitiveness of their building. The reliable lack of new-build development raises the likelihood of grade-A supply shortages when the occupier market returns, creating investment opportunities for carefully targeted refurbishment.But, usually owner is in great dilemma when they are in much(prenominal) situation. As everyone know, the refurbishment of office space offers advantages over new-build which can facilitate the achievement of economic, social and environmental sustainability. But, redevelopment is the ultimate solution for eliminating all problems regarding the maintenance, changing tenants requirement and other probems.Making comparisons between refurbishment and redevelopment is as well problematic because the term refurbishment can be used to include a wide spectrum of building works, from minor cosmetic improvements through to extensive reconstruction. But, in the majority of cases, refurbishment get out be a quicker and cheaper operator of restoring second-hand office space to grade-A specification. As a low-cost option, the refurbishment of office space should be intuitively attractive in an economic climate marked by a lack of development finance. But in many cases refurbishment is as costly as redevelopment and seeming to carry with it great risks and physical constraints.Problem statementMalaysian has been accused as a clever builder but poor manager. For example, certain office buildings in prosperous trigon are often looked deteriorated and relatively matured compared to other purposed-built office building. Example of such older office buildings are those office buildi ng rigid on the fringe of Central Business District, like Jalan Ampang. These older office buildings have a higher tendency to be left vacant due to its poor office building images. This will leads to lower rental rate to be paid by the tenants to remain its competitiveness. Other important characteristic of such office building also includes by low occupancy rate, lower quality of the building and services provided.Besides, recent office developments are very likely to adopt green features such as energy saving, reduction of wastage and water usage, as well as the use of environmentally friendly materials. This new apparent movement in development had forced many owners evaluate the moderate of their building and try to make several changes to the buildings to attracts more tenants. These efforts are important to attract corporations who hoodwink energy-saving and environmental-friendly building.But making such decision is not easy. The owners have to evaluate the cost and bene fit of each choice, and determine the solution he desires to improve the condition of his buildings. But other factors also have to take into consideration. For example, the rate of interest the bank would charge for development of different risk, the time of completion and others also greatly affect the decision-making of ownerObjectives of studyThis study has 3 main objectives. There areTo determine factors influencing the decision-making in deriving a solution to the method chosen.To lay the benefits of building refurbishment or redevelopment to the building users.To determine whether tenant likes refurbished secondary office building or newly redeveloped building.Scope of studyThe context of this study will focus on selected office buildings, both building which had undergo refurbishment and those which had undergone redevelopment. To ensure a more complete study, the newly constructed building is also considered as building undergone redevelopment.The respondents of the ques tionnaire are limited to tenants in Golden Triangle area only. As for the property manager, all property managers can be chosen as the interviewee. Building manager who are hired by owners and acted on behalf of them, will gives their opinions in owner perspectives (maximise profit) and current tenants will voice out their preferences in choosing a building space.MethodologyAll the relevant info are collected through primary data and secondary data.Primary data includes questionnaire, samplings, interviews and case study. In this study, respondents identified in questionnaire study are selected property manager who represents building owners point of view and some tenants within Golden Triangle area through sampling. As for interview session, interviewees targeted are property manager who are the representatives of building owners. Through this interview sessions, benefit of building refurbishment and redevelopment will be ascertained. Finally, case study of three similar office bu ildings will also be done as the quantitative analysis. All three building will be compared according to the cost incurred for construction and the benefit obtained. Then the differences in term of occupancy rates, rental and others will be mensurable to represent the increment in term of market value.On the other hand, collection of data in this study will also includes references such as reference book, journal, articles, conference paper, property market reports, internet/ website searching and other sources.In addition, data will also be collected from books, magazines or publisher article to obtain general instruction on building refurbishment and the effects of building refurbishment.Further details of methodology will be discussed in Chapter 3.Structure of StudyThis study consisted of five chapters. The skeleton discussion of each chapter is discussed as followsChapter 1Chapter 1 is the introduction of the study. This chapter starts with an introduction of this study with a brief background. Besides, other things like problem statement, scope of study, methodology and others are also discussed in this chapter.Chapter 2Chapter 2 is about the literature review. In this chapter, definition of building refurbishment and redevelopment, benefit of building refurbishment and redevelopment and others will be discussed in this chapter. Besides, factor influencing decision making of building refurbishment and the tenant preferences will also be discussed.Chapter 3Chapter 3 is the methodology. In this chapter, methodology used to survey and interview in order to gather information needed. The structure of questionnaire is also discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the opinion of respondents of questionnaire and interviews will also be carried out in the last part of this chapter.Chapter 4Chapter 4 is the chapter regarding research findings analysis. In this chapter, data gather will be analysed and presented in this chapter. An analysis on the benefit of building refurbishment and its value-enhancing ability will also be carried out by studying the information gathered through interviews, questionnaire survey, and secondary data.Chapter 5Chapter 5 discuss about the finish and recommendation. In this chapter, conclusion from the findings and analysis of data in the previous chapter will be discussed and summarized. Besides, it also illustrate on the confirmation of the objectives and overall summary for the whole study. Other information included in this chapter is the suggestions for further study.